Communication between Men and Women

As everyone knows by now, there is a difference between a man and a womans outer appearance. What some people do not realize is that a man and a woman are also different in communication techniques. Generally speaking, men and women fall into two categories when dealing with communication techniques. When men talk, it is for giving information. Deborah Tannen says this informative speaking is report-talk. Report-talk as defined by Deborah Tannen is public speaking. Women on the other hand, use small talk to communicate. Small talk is a conversation which is usually considered to be short and meaningless. Deborah Tannen states that this communication technique of women is rapport-talk. Rapport-talk as defined by Deborah Tannen is private speaking. This essay will discuss the following: (1) How Deborah Tannen and John Gray are similar in respect to their views on communication between men and women (2) how Tannen and Gray are different in their views on communication between men and women (3) the effects that result from these different types of communication (4) which essay is in agreement with my personal opinion and (5) the suggestions about communication from the essay. Deborah Tannen and John Gray are two authors who have many similarities. One similarity is the fact that both authors notice that men and women do speak differently. Tannen suggests that the way that men and women communicate is something that is learned from the early stages in life. From childhood, men learn to use talking as a way to get and keep attention. So they are more comfortable speaking in large groups made up of people they know less well-in the broadest sense public speaking. From childhood, girls criticize peers who try to stand out or appear better than others. People feel their closest connections at home Both authors realized men and women have different ways of talking. However, their views on the communication techniques are different. Deborah Tannen suggests that For most men, talk is primarily a means to preserve independence and negotiate and maintain status in a hierarchical social order. Deborah Tannen also suggest that women talk when with one or a few people they feel close to and comfortable with John Gray however says To fully express their feelings, women assume poetic license and use various superlatives and metaphors, and generalizations. Men mistakenly take these expressions literally. Because they misunderstandthey commonly react in an non-supportive manner. John Gray believes men use speech as a way of conveying facts. Women tend to look for support when they are talking, but do not ask for it; they feel the request is well implied. John Gray also theorized that when a man is upset or stressed he will automatically stop talking and go to his cave to works things out. Men are unable to express their feelings as well as women and this is why they go into a cave. Also men do not want to worry their partner. Men try to make their partner happy. Men think that their partner will be happy if they do not have to worry about the man. Women tend to believe that you can never abandon a friend who is upset. It doesnt seem loving to abandon someone when they are upset. Women instantly want to support men in the way they want to be supported, her intentions are good but it is counterproductive. Men show love by not worrying.

Internet made the world a Global Village Essay

Gone are the days, when you had to wait for days or even hours to learn about news of some distant place an event taking place in one part of the world can be heard easily in the other. Perhaps, synchronization of such magnitude has really close-knitted this world together so much that it appears as a real single universal community comprising of different people. Thanks to technological improvements and the information revolution, the awareness is escalating rapidly; there are no more barriers between countries. Trade has increased and population movements between countries are greater than ever before. The term â€Å"global village† is used to describe a world in which people are not limited by the boundaries of nations and societies. The world today is largely interdependent and an occurrence in one part of the world has a bearing on other elements. Thus, today no one in the world can survive in isolation. The world has become integrated and undergone dramatic changes thanks to the rapid changes in technology and faster movement of information technology. The advent of printing press, telephone and telegraph connected millions of people living miles apart and made it possible to discuss new ideas instantaneously. Radio, internet and television brought the digital age into our living rooms. Satellite communications has had a tremendous impact on our lives and resulted in the increased penetration of mobile services, media and live telecasts. With the click of a button, we can tune into breaking news and entertainment from all over the world. An improvement in transportation has also facilitated the exchange of ideas and people. People are able to travel more easily and travel all around the world. Today, it is common to find people commuting from one city to another for work. In fact many people choose to migrate to a new country in search of better work and social life opportunities. New generation of fuel-efficient trains, planes and other modes of traveling have helped develop the tourism industry. The growth of this industry resulted in the exchange of cultures, knowledge and new ideas for greater progress and harmony. As the world has become shorter in distance, people have found it easier to trade and share the fruits of progress. Businesses all around the world are actively engaged in importing and exporting items to capitalize on each other’s strengths and pass on the benefits to the consumer. Although, the world has come a long way in becoming more accessible and connected in terms of information, it is still far away from the idealistic situation. To call it truly a global village we must ensure that all regions of the world grow at a uniform pace and a more humane behavior is inculcated in members of different communities and regions. Without this, the world would seem alien to people from the areas lagging behind in progress. Internet: In the 21st century, Internet has been widely used by everyone around the world, and is closely related to our everyday life. The development of Internet has made our world smaller. For instance, like Skype this kind of online free telephone saves our money, we no longer need to worry about our expensive phone bills. It draws people from different places in the world closer. The most significant thing is that it has a positive influence on us, and that people are more willing to keep in touch or communicate with others who are far away from them. Internet has made our world into a global village, it draws everyone closer. Internet can have lots of positive influence on us IF we use it correctly. We can use it to share our works online, or we can search for lots of useful information that we need. However, if we use Internet incorrectly, it will then have a negative influence on us. For instance, going out with someone you met on the Internet without knowing who they actually are. Also, the existence of Internet crime syndicate can be a negative influence on us, like some people might want to be like them because they make lots of money. The most common negative influence of Internet on us is that lots of students got addicted to online games, blog, etc. Thus they are not concentrated in their school works, not doing their job as being a student. Also, wasting more time with Internet as a replacement for of what they are believed to do. It is not only students who are like that; some office workers also got negative influence by Internet. Globalization: Globalization gives the people many motivations for serving poor countries: compassionate, supporting, and political and financially. The reason for which many countries have to help poorer ones may be a question of global security. Due to the interconnectedness of the societies, difficult situations such as conflicts, famines in poor countries influence and jeopardize the security in rich countries like the United States and the European Union. As a result, the troubles of the poor and emergent nations become the dilemma of the urban and wealthy nations of the world. The threats are multiple such as terrorism, trafficking, environmental destruction and disease. As these threats are impending, governments of developed countries take more responsibility for helping the poorer nations for a safer world. Security of the richer and developed nations is based on the development of these poor nations. Improved and up-to-date technology is coming in from developed nations to the developing nations this helps in improving quality of the products made in these countries and it also helps improve constant effectiveness. Though globalization has its positive facets it has some downsides to it. Billions of inhabitants still live in shortage and the space connecting rich and poor at an international level is getting bigger. It is said globalization directs to subordinate buy and sell barriers but the previously poor and developing states are not able to take benefit of the lessening of these trade obstacles, globalization in a way presents urbanized nations with a means of access way to come in hooked on the developing nations with more simplicity and also do trade more freely, it essentially forces out the confined competition for they are not able to gather up with the principles of the products of the urbanized nations. Globalization brings in products that are superior is quality and low in cost as compared to those produced by these developing nations which are not able to produce similar to these, this takes away trade opportunities from these developing nations which was otherwise possible between the developing nations. This leads rising the affluence gap among the urban and mounting inhabitants even more. Internet made the world a â€Å"Global Village†: Globalization, a rising experience that can be illustrated as a â€Å"change in the direction of a more incorporated and mutually supporting world’s financial system†, (Valeria Gennaro Lerda, 2002) has been the focus of numerous books and deliberations for the long-ago decade. Along with the improvement of microprocessors, the Internet is conceivably the most momentous technological modernization of our time, playing an extensive role in the development of globalization. The Internet assisted the development of the movement headed for a global village through the formation of cheaper, quicker and easier means of communication, the stipulation of an enormous collection of information, and the increase of e-commerce. The Internet offers a cheaper, more rapidly and easier technique of communication, a substitute that has shaped a â€Å"universal audience†, as stated by Renato Ruggiero, director general of the World Trade Organization. (Seoul 1997) In evaluating the cost of extended distance phone calls against that of online voice chat the Internet is much more reasonable and also better in excellence. Many web clients now acquire web cameras, microphones, and all the software compulsory to sustain this hardware. This permits users to talk, see, and be seen by the individual they are having a dialogue with. People from Asia can carry discussions with Europeans, Americans or Africans at the similar time, at no additional cost on Msn Messenger, Yahoo Messenger, or MIRC. Communication is also quicker online. An e-mail is mailed and expected by the other party in seconds, as contrasting to regular mail, which may take months to accomplish its destination when sent over the ocean. Thus, citizens all over the earth can reside in touch on a normal basis, converse online on a daily basis and even share documents. When factoring in the easiness of use of the Internet, it is simple to observe why so many persons have a preference communicating this way. All that is mandatory is typing, an ability easily mastered throughout frequent use of the keyboard. Also, the Internet provides an interesting communication with another individual, as ample of illustrations and things and emoticons go together with the software. The affordability, tempo, and handiness of the Internet are the reasons that account for the formation of this â€Å"global audience†. People all over the world are associated to the same association at the same time with the right to use to the same collection of information. This enormous amount of information being accessed by everyone connected to the Internet is in itself a powerful tool in the development of globalization. Anybody can produce a website and put pen to paper no matter what portion of information they aspire. Books, magazines, newspapers, and editorials are shared globally. Video clips, PowerPoint presentations and various materials can be viewed online and used for different purposes. This creates a form of optimistic multiculturalism, where any person with the right to use to the Internet can communicate local, ethnic, religious, and national beliefs to a worldwide and international audience. Consequently, an all-purpose homogenization or â€Å"internationalization† of traditions took place, supporting Western urbanized homelands, their verbal communication and principles, yet escorted by an understanding of a consequential strength or evaporation of confined and underground civilization. This worldwide diffusion of dominant Western and American cultures who are globalized through ownership of production and infrastructure gives â€Å"globalization† a negative connotation often termed hegemony, cultural imperialism, or Americanization by members of underdeveloped countries and by individuals who feel that their country and belief systems are threatened by English-speaking nations. The paradox of global localization is also created when local identity politics becomes a global issue through the Internet. Thus, more and more â€Å"local identity groups are using the technologies of globalization to promote their political interests†. An example is the Taliban in Afghanistan with a website, www. talibanreunited. com, containing alleged terrorist information. Thus, as Benjamin Barber mentioned, â€Å"the world is becoming more and more divided into two cultural, political, and economic camps: homogenized transnational consumerist capitalism now extended to global information, communication, and entertainment and fragmented tribal identity wars by groups rejecting transnational and international influences† (Barber, 1996). This consumerist capitalism is in part driven by e-commerce. E-commerce, a huge element of the globalization observable fact, now comprises a familiar dealing practice. The Web permits production, both little and outsized, to get bigger as a global occurrence at a subordinate cost than ever before. Business can sell their goods and services online cheaper, as the tertiary step in production is eliminated. Consequently, companies acquire a superior worldwide coverage by setting up a business website with the arrangement of products presented, cost, and resources of acquisition. The Internet allows companies to gain access to large international markets, build a wide customer base, and generate more revenue. Financial transactions that take place over the Internet requiring credit card information and other sensitive data require an effective implementation of security measures. To prevent loss and interception of data by a third party, encryption of sensitive information, a very complicated process involving keys, data encryption algorithms and various standards, must be put in place. The minimize the threat of viruses, loss or destruction of vital data, antivirus software must be installed and updated on a regular basis, also a backup of important files must be made. The Web formulates it a lot easier for customers and brokers to come across each other, everywhere they may be positioned and no matter what their size. This was the case for an undersized California-based establish, Cardiac Science, which constructs defibrillators and heart monitors. In 1996, Cardiac Science was very restless to smash into intercontinental marketplace but had slight idea of how to set up an international occurrence. By 1998, the business was advertising to clients in 46 countries and overseas transactions accounted for 85 percent of its $1. 2 million revenues. Even though a part of this trade was developed all the way through export channels, an increasing proportion of it came from â€Å"hits† to the company’s website, which, according to the company’s CEO, â€Å"creates a center of attention of international business citizens like bees to honey† (Hill, 2004). Therefore, the Internet has proven to be the most significant and fastest growing technical innovation today. In 1990, smaller quantity than 1 million consumers was associated to the Internet. The number had increased to 50 million, by the year 1995. In 2001, it raised to 490 million. By the year 2005, it is forecasted that the Internet may have over 1. 12 billion users, which is comparable to 18 percent of the world’s inhabitants (Miniwatts Marketing Group, 2008). The notion of a â€Å"global village† is becoming a reality more so than ever and the Internet played a significant role in its expansion. The inexpensive, fast and easy means of communication it provides, coupled with the medium it creates for optimistic multiculturalism, where everyone has access to the same pool of information and is free to share personal beliefs, have created a global audience, where everyone knows exactly what is going on everywhere in the world and is free to communicate at any time. E-commerce takes the Internet from the consumer level and advances it to allow financial and business transactions to take place between businesses and consumers and businesses to businesses without a middleman, and without having to go to the store to buy goods. Web sites like for instance Amazon and e-bay and have become very popular for their cheap products and convenient shipping. Taking these factors into consideration, the Internet had a very large impact on globalization and will continue to shape the growing â€Å"global village† for years to come. Conclusion: With the volatile enlargement in Internet links worldwide, networked communication has the prospective to reduce the size of geographic distances and smooth the progress of information trade among citizens of various surroundings. Telecommunications strategy in the US and other countries determines to extend access to all levels of society, assuming that this will foster greater information exchange while enhancing financial growth. Authorized by information technology such as search engines and automatic filters, IT clients are spending more of their waking hours hooked into the Internet, deciding to work together with information foundations modified to their individual benefits. No longer limited to resources or friends in their geographic areas, these users portend an interactive world without limitations. The distances between places have been reduced and the internet has played a major part in it especially through the fast paced communication it provides. Due to this communication has become so easy that you can find out what is happening in one part of the world by just a click of a button. People are able to reach the flung areas of Africa and get news from there; places which people did not even know existed. Internet has played a major role in promoting globalization. It has reduced the distances and brought the world closer. Read more: Invention Essay

Schools inflicted with poverty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Schools inflicted with poverty - Essay Example The six schools surveyed had fared well in their respective state literacy tests â€Å"recording between 68 to 89 percent of students who had either met or exceeded their state’s standard of proficiency†. All six schools used the ‘Four Blocks Framework’ for balanced literacy. Having established the common strain in all six schools, the writer then identified 12 factors that are important for high academic achievement and set about studying how these factors functioned in these six schools. These 12 factors are, assessment; community involvement; comprehensive curriculum; engagement instruction; leadership; materials; parent participation; perseverance and persistence; professional development; real reading and writing; and specialist support. Assessment needs to be devised in a manner that it guides instruction, the community members must assist the school in its instructional task. Curriculum should be centered on the basics in the primary stage but must not exclude science and social studies totally. There has to be a high level of student engagement in the literacy activities if real learning has to take place. Teachers have to devise a method for one-to-one instruction and monitoring even while teaching the whole class. A strong leadership â€Å"embodied in a committed, passionate and hands-on Principal† is a prerequisite for any school wanting to achieve its goals. Schools must have adequate material and resources for effective instruction. Parent participation in literacy activities enhances the effectiveness of the system. Perseverance and persistence is required no matter which method of instruction is followed, since the results will begin to show only after a reasonable period of time. Professional devel opment of teachers cannot be ignored. Teachers need to upgrade their skills constantly. To become good readers and writers, students must actually spend a lot of time

Yamamoto LED Leasing & Production Company Ltd Research Paper

Yamamoto LED Leasing & Production Company Ltd - Research Paper Example We use chips which are imported from Japan, Taiwan, and US to ensure that we deliver incredibly high video performance for our customer’s events and exhibitions.Production & ServicesAs your trusted partner and client, we ensure that all your videos are delivered to your target customers effectively and efficiently. Every LED module is assembled according to the customer’s screen size requirements. Our production team is always committed to delivering superior quality video effects, to ensure that all your promotional events and exhibitions are well received by your target customers. Our LED Screens are suited for:1. Indoor or Outdoor Shopping Arcades2. Concerts and performances3. Stadiums4. Outdoor wall sides on buildings5. Big screen display for digital signageWe are equipped with 6mm LED display modules with 27,778dots/m2. The display modules are assembled using SM3528 LED chips, which ensure that they display vivid color with high contrast. Screen sizes can be customized to suit the various events requirements. The maximum viewing distance can be up to 18m, with 1600 viewing angles, making it suitable for all kind of outdoor/indoor events.The 360 circular display is another Hi resolution LED display for outdoor display advertisements. It supports HDMI, DVI, and VGA connection with HD video signals. It can show online TV programs, VCD, DVD or display video when connected with live CAM.

Marketing Management in a Global Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing Management in a Global Economy - Essay Example When dealing with place, the company needs to ask where the buyer will search for the product, how the client will access the correct distribution channels, if they need to use a sales force, and what the competitors do that an individual can learn. For the pricing section of the marketing mix, the company requires to determine what the product’s value is to the client. Whether there is an established price point for services or products in the area, whether the client price is sensitive enough to give one an extra market share with a small price decrease, and how the company’s price compares with the competitors (Doole & Robin, 2008). When it comes to promotion, the company discerns when and where they can get their marketing measures across to their target market, how they can reach their audience via radio, press, or billboards, what time is best to carry their promotion, and whether any environmental issue dictates the marketing launch’s timing. The company a lso needs to determine how its competitors carry out its promotion. 2. Define Value Chain, and give an example of a company that utilizes a Value Chain Delivery Network, further cite the success rate of their value chain network. The concept of the â€Å"value chain†, owes its existence to Michael Porter, a management guru. Value chain refers to the sequential group of support and primary activities, which an enterprise carries out to turn various inputs into outputs that benefit its external customers (Doole & Robin, 2008). Various companies worldwide utilize value chain analysis, although the information shared about it is minimal because knowledge of one’s Value Chain Analysis means loss of competitive advantage. The profit wars have now moved to the supply chain arena with the VCA model now used for modeling across top clients like Target Stores, which utilize various kinds of services in the various quantities. Through the aid of some analytics, the companyâ€℠¢s logistics department can utilize the data for engagement with the customer and search for an optimal supply chain scenario. Toyota Motors is an example of a company that utilizes an integrated value-chain delivery network. Toyota manufactures its automotives via the TPS system, which puts emphasis on a lean system of manufacturing. This system was created to improve the cars’ quality, with the clients also being able to order the cars efficiently and quickly. Toyota Motors possesses an integrated system, known as TPS, in its production process. This system portends various advantages for the company’s production system. This ranges from Human Resource management to its products. This is further evidenced, in the fourteen principles, to which Toyota holds dear, including the quality of service, the efficiency of the production process, in addition with the quality of, the final product. This has allowed Toyota to become the biggest automotive company in the world bec ause of lean management that can be derived from a value chain delivery network. The system allows the company to deliver cars as fast and efficient as possible. 3. What is MIS (from a marketing point of view) and how does it affect the marketing research process? MIS is a system of communications, documents, procedures, and equipment that collects,

Opportune love Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Opportune love - Essay Example He also made sure he prepared breakfast for her, which she gave nurses to feed her when he could not be able to do so himself. All this time, Kelvin had been wondering where the poison that Linda had come from as she trusted Liz to imagine she could have been responsible for the act. One day after dropping Linda’s breakfast at the nurse’s office, he decided to go and see Liz who had only gone to visit Linda in hospital less than four times. On arrival at her house, he met two suspicious looking and heavily built men leaving the house, â€Å"are you Kelvin from Beverly Hills?† asked one of them in a deep voice, â€Å"Why are you interested in knowing my identity?† Kelvin asked him arrogantly as he closed the door to his car. The other man, who all this time had remained quiet seemed surprised by the way Kelvin had answered their question, because they were not used to people arrogantly talking to them or the courage that Kelvin had showed when he talked to them. Doubting their motives, he decided to leave them and proceed towards the door. He rang the door several times before Liz could open it, he entered inside leaving the men, who had now took their respective seat in their car, still staring at him. Inside the house, Kelvin and Liz exchanged their usual pleasantries, they sat down on the sofa facing each other, and Liz was staring into Kelvin’s eyes, which made him blush and face the other side of the room. It was now evident there was something that was going on in Liz’s mind but which she could not bring herself to tell Kelvin, he seemed to realize this and gave her time to compose herself. He excused himself and picked the remote control from an adjacent chair to which Liz had been sitting, as he was going back to his seat, Liz pulled her to her chair and gave her a peck on the forehead, Kelvin was confused on the meaning of the peck, he smiled and sat on the armrest of the chair. â€Å"Kelvin† Liz started â€Å"I know you suspect that I am the one who put poison in Linda’s meal, I am not going to accept or refute those claims, but there is something that I have always been eager to tell you though I never got the chance†. Not sure of what Liz was going to say next, Kelvin requested Liz to bring him some warm water; she did so hurriedly as if she did not want to forget what she wanted to tell him â€Å"The poison that Linda took was because of my mistake, but I did not†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Liz stated to tell Kelvin, those words had a great impact on Kelvin â€Å"you mean Liz you are the one who wanted to kill Linda even after she gave you her story? Are you the Liz I know? Did u plan to poison me too? Was it...† Kelvin slammed the glass of water that he was holding on the ground and rushed out of the house shouting at the top his voice. The commotion attracted the gatekeeper who came to know what was going on. He found the two men who he had met at the when he came in t o Liz’s house earlier sitting on the bonnet of his car. â€Å"Kelvin,† maybe you should listen to her side of the story before you judge her† said one of the men whom he had talked to arrogantly in their previous encounter. Kelvin did not want to listen, but when he saw the men advance towards him, instincts directed him to run, and that is exactly what he did, he run towards the gate leaving his car behind. He found a cab some few meters away, he boarded it and directed the driver to drive him to the university. On arrival at the university he found his friends waiting for him at the parking bay, he greeted all of them using their signature shoulder butt greeting. The group of Kelvin and his friends started walking towards their favorite corner in the university compound where they preferred to hang out during their free time. â€Å"

Principles of Marketing Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Principles of Marketing - Article Example The difference in these two articles is that one does customers knowing and relations online and using technology while the explanation in the book utilizes both the traditional method and technological one (Kotler & Armstrong, 2015). In the article by (Wong, 2015), there is in depth analysis of advertisements growth and where it is headed in the future which is similar to what the article by (Kotler & Armstrong, 2015) explains which is all towards making customer satisfied by pinpointing their exact needs and wants. Both articles in short explain the need of advertisement as a marketing tool for a company’s products and services and using platform and ways that can reach most people at the same time. The creativity of the advertisements is what will bring customers’ interests in the products and what will eventually profit the company. When the advertisement addresses the right demands, needs and wants of the customers, they are bound to become loyal to the product and the brand in extension (Wong, 2015). Davenport, T., Mule, L. & Lucker, J. (2011, December). Know What Your Customers Want Before They Do. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2011/12/know-what-your-customers-want-before-they-do Wong, B. (2015, April 26). The Future of Advertising: Farewell, Mass Marketing. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from

Crime Scene Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Crime Scene - Essay Example While using blood to serve as evidence for the crime, the crime scene investigator (CSI) can use a scalpel, smear slides, scissors, tweezers, ultra violet light, sterile square cloths, luminol, and protective eyewear. It is also ideal to gather samples from suspected individuals or a living victim to facilitate in the comparison process. Since the victim is dead, it is the role of the CSI to ensure he uses either sterile square cloth, or small quantities of distilled water to facilitate in removing the blood from the victim’s body. The same process can be used in collecting blood from any other place that has blood contact. The blood gathered may be from a different person, where the laboratory performs a DNA analysis to compare with the blood gathered from the suspect. It would also be ideal if the CSI scrapes the nails of the victim because in case of a struggle, then the skin of the suspect, which would reflect his DNA, would be under the nails of the victim. This process would facilitate in gathering blood evidence concerning a crime scene and the potential suspect to the shooting incident. I am a crime scene investigator with more than 10 years’ experience in the undertaking investigations on various types of crimes. As a professional in this position, I have processed a variety of crime scenes, including outdoor crime scenes, indoor crime scenes, and conveyance crime scenes (such as vehicle burglary, carjacking, grand theft, homicide, and sexual battery). With this experience, I believe that the investigation I carried out pertaining to the crime is sufficient in giving testimony to this case that the offender was involve in the crime. ` To be a qualified crime scene investigator, I have undergone rigorous training in diverse fields. I have been subjected to demanding training, which has allowed me to portray moral character, good repute, high integrity, and

The history of art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The history of art - Essay Example However, these historical accounts on the Oliphants opens up the imagination and causes one to envision the lifestyle during the era it was being used. The intricate carvings on the Oliphants, as seen in the Oliphant at the Metropolitan Museum of Art show a meticulous spirit in the carver. Perhaps it was culture and tradition that dictated such workmanship at that era, but the intricacy of the design is impressive. Although there are Oliphants that are simply decorated as well, yet the design in still beautiful, as it is designed by hand. Aside from historical accounts of such, there is also the religious historical aspect that is associated with the Oliphants. As documented, it is stated that decorated Oliphants, usually with animals and scrolls are usually correlated with traditional Islam settings. The Oliphants is one of the unique creations of man that is functional - as it is used as a horn, and at the same time, an instrument of self-expression as it is designed intricately with meticulously done carvings, and even adorned with silver bands. As documented, the documentation of Oliphants is usually associated with traditional Islamic imagery. "Oliphant", being a word borrowed from old French, meaning "elephant", was first documented in the (English) translation of the Song of Roland in the 12th century.

Nursing and Health Care within the Community Essay

Nursing and Health Care within the Community - Essay Example The paper tells that the effectiveness and success of nursing and healthcare provision within the community is largely dependent on proper holistic assessment based on an appropriate conceptual theoretical framework. Holistic assessment enables a nurse to plan the necessary patient-centred, consultative and evidence-based intervention while also taking into consideration the matter of client/carer and self-care extent to ensure that the client receives the best care possible while away from the hospital. The client selected in the family case study provided is Michaela and a justification for utilisation of Orem’s model of assessment for Michaela will be provided. Planned intervention integrating referrals to multi-disciplinary teams and the patient’s own values will be developed based on the best evidence followed by evaluation of the planned care for Michaela. Orem’s model was selected for the case of Michaela based on several considerations that make it the be st conceptual framework to utilise in this case. Orem’s model is founded on the view that nursing is necessary just in the time when the patient’s care needs are beyond self capacity or ability hence the nurse intervenes by evaluating the patient’s ability and then educating, providing guidance while at the same time delivering care whose completeness is relative to the patient’s own ability. Central to Orem’s model is the concept of self-care which is especially being encouraged by the UK health policy as an effective means of improving the health. (Department of Health 2005, p. 48). It has been observed that Orem’s model is exclusively the main self care framework that can be incorporated effectively in assessment of patients (Basavanthappa 2007, p. 24-25; Macduff and Sinclair 2008, p. 32; Sitzman 2011, p. 339). Wilson (2003, p. 68) recognises the crucial role that nurses bear in education of clients and their carers where present and atta ch importance to Orem’s model in ensuring that this is achieved. They also note that nurses are charged with the duty of providing information that influences the patients’ decisions and participation in self care both of which are achievable through Orem’s self care deficit theory of nursing. Orem’s model is thus quite applicable for Michaela as a means of establishing the extent to which she can take care of her health and then developing a care plan to intervene on her deficiencies alongside an evaluation of the entire process and its impact on her health. This model is also advantageous as it is based on self care which particularly applies to the patient’s situation as we can discern that she cannot access a proper carer as her husband is also sick and unable to work while the daughter is currently in school and has her own problems with regard to decisions on reproductive health. The objectives of applying Orem’s model in Michaela†™s situation includes assessment of her health conditions according to the items in the model, identification of her needs and lastly demonstration of effective communication with her in order to provide patient focused care and intervention (Nursing Theories 2011). The first self care item on Orem’s model is the maintenance of sufficient intake of

Students Living at Home and Living Away from Family Essay Example for Free

Students Living at Home and Living Away from Family Essay This Chemistry module is designed for students who wish to study physical sciences or health sciences at tertiary level. | Pre-requisites:| None| ASSESSMENT STRATEGY * The outcomes of this module will be assessed using a variety of assessment strategies including, assignments and reports, in-class tests, laboratory investigations and an examination. * It is proposed that the following approximate weightings be assigned to the various forms of assessment within this module. * There may be significant variation in the assessment methods utilised by trainers in this module. Assignments/reports: 15-25% * Tests: 15-25% * Laboratory Investigations; 10 – 25% * Final Examination: %40 – 60% SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES 1. Describe composition of matter and chemical change. 2. Explain trends within the periodic table. 3. Describe Chemical Bonding in its various forms 4. Calculate chemical quantities and stoichiometry 5. Explain Oxidation Reduction reactions 6. Demonstrate a knowledge of Organic Chemistry (Optional Element) LEARNING OUTCOME| ASSESSMENT CRITERIA| 1. Describe composition of matter and chemical change. 1. 1 Describe the nature of matter in terms of atoms and molecules, elements and compounds . 1. 2 Describe atomic structure and electron configuration. 1. 3 Describe chemical change in terms of transfer or sharing of electrons| 2. Explain trends within the periodic table. | 2. 1 Describe chemical periodicity including distinguishing between metals and non-metals2. 2 Relate the electron configuration of elements to their place in the periodic table| 3. Describe Chemical Bonding in its various forms | 3. Recall chemical names and formulae of common ionic and covalent compounds. 3. 2 Describe the nature and theory of chemical bonding for ionic and covalent compounds, metals and network solids3. 3 Describe and explain the shapes and polarity of simple molecules. 3. 4 Describe the states of matter in terms of intermolecular forces. Include the properties of gases. | 4. Calculate chemical quantities and stoichiometry| Students must demons trate that they can complete calculations involving:4. chemical quantities, the mole, percentage composition, and empirical formula. (optional)4. 2 balanced equations, mass-mass stoichiometry, mass-concentration stoichiometry 4. 3 solution stoichiometry, concentrations and volumetric analysis. | 5. Explain Oxidation Reduction reactions| 5. 1 Define Oxidation and reduction and identify oxidised and reduced species in chemical reactions. 5. 2 Determine oxidation number and use it to determine whether oxidation reduction has occurred in particular reactions.

Israel †Lebanon War and related problems faced by the American community Essay Example for Free

Israel – Lebanon War and related problems faced by the American community Essay Introduction At the time of cold war, democratic world was, virtually, confronted by only one threat, coming from communist regime of the Soviet Union. This foe, though being dangerous, was quite predictable and civilized to certain extent. After the cold war seized it seemed that world would finally find global peace and mutual consent. However, things turned different and such hopes vanished into a thin air. The world community faced new, formerly unwitnessed, threats related to religious, national, and ethnic intolerance. Commonly accepted, though ultimately mistaken, is the belief that the fighting against these threats must be narrowed down to the war against a particular enemy, world terrorism. Comparing the old and new world (time before and after the cold war) it must be noted that confrontation between democratic world and the Soviet Union was based on certain rules, preventing the world from the global conflict. Confrontation with a new enemy has no rules at all. It turns out that to settle a conflict of a new type is more difficult than it used to be, partially because of the reason that sometimes it is, practically, impossible to detect a real initiator of a conflict. All participators of a conflict are guilty. Besides, among the other significant reasons is the great number of conflicting parties and, as a consequence, there is a highly complicated interlacement of interests. To protect interests of one party without neglecting the interests of another one is almost an unattainable aim. The bright example of the conflict of new type is a currently continuing war between Israel and Lebanon. This war affects the events all over the world and American community in particular. Israel – Lebanon war raises an array of problems that need to be solved by the world leaders as soon as possible. Short Historical Background It is reported that â€Å"on 12 July 2006 Hezbollah initiated Operation Truthful Promise named for a â€Å"promise† by its leader Sheik Hassan Nasrallah to capture Israeli soldiers and swap them for the remaining three Lebanese held by Israel. The early morning raid into Israeli territory resulted in eight Israeli soldiers killed and two captured. Israel then responded with Operation Just Reward later renamed Operation Change of Direction. Israels retaliatory strike has thus far encompassed bombing raids by the Israeli Air Force (IAF), an air and Israeli Sea Corps naval blockade of Lebanon (especially southern Lebanon and Beirut), â€Å"a force of tanks and armored personnel carriers†, and some small raids into southern Lebanon by Israel Defense Forces (IDF) ground troops. Hezbollah has concurrently engaged in extensive rocket attacks on Israels northern cities, including Haifa. However, the Lebanese government has constantly disavowed Hezbollahs actions and refused to condone them, while urgently calling for international peacemakers to end the conflict. † (Wikipedia) This short passage gives a clear and overall picture of the background of current situation in Middle East. It must be noted that Hezbollah operations on Israeli soldiers capture was preceded by Israel occupation of the west bank of the Jordan River and Gaza Strip. This occupation was in its turn preceded by â€Å"Hamas raid into Israel and capture of an Israeli soldier† (CNN. com) This bundle of events can be untwined to infinity. Analysis of events and their projection at US Foreign Policy The world community acknowledges that Hezbollah is a terrorist organization which directs its actions against Israeli state. Respectively, no one denies Israel’s right to protect itself and its citizens as well as no one rejects Israel’s demand to disarm or destroy this organization. However, Hezbollah located its military camps on the territory of sovereign state of Lebanon, the government of which is, virtually, incapable to control the activity of this organization. Now the issue of Israel self-defense arises from a different perspective: is Israel authorized to conduct military actions against terrorist organization on the territory of a sovereign country? And if initially most countries justified Israel’s actions, civilian casualties made the world be divided basing on its reaction to the Middle East conflict. As it is stated in the article at CNN. com â€Å"leaders in Europe and the Middle East see the attacks against Lebanon as disproportionate† and this statement provokes a new question: at what exactly moment these attacks became â€Å"disproportionate† and Israel self-defence transformed into aggression? When ten civilians were killed or twenty? This question is not a simple one as it raises the global problem of the right to resort to weapon against certain country. It is directly related to the American community and to get into the root of the matter it would be useful to have recourse to the investigation of the question of the legality of the USA invasion into Iraq. Speaking about military invasion legality, as Crahan states, â€Å"†¦ the answer may seem obvious: the U. N. is the worlds premier political body, its Charter requires Security Council authorization for the use of force [†¦]†. (Crahan et al. , p. 135) No one can disagree with this statement. The situation in which the force can be applied is also obvious: there should be continuous failure to execute resolutions, carried by UN Security Council, or their systematic violation. In particular, what concerns Iraq, there was an array of resolutions carried, which Iraq refused to execute. But it is necessary to clarify was it solely Iraq’s fault? As Crahan further continues â€Å"†¦the world body had failed in all those years to attain the goals that the President was seeking, in large part because the Council was bitterly and chronically divided on the critical question of how — sometimes even on whether — to enforce its numerous resolutions on Iraq. † (Crahan et al., 135) Thus it follows that the Council, while carrying its resolutions, even if under the pressure from U. S. side, itself resists their execution. Here the EC countries and Russia are to be fully reproached. No country in the world would execute any resolutions in such circumstances. However, when it came to the point when acts of force were very likely, Iraq, nevertheless, began to execute U. N. Security Council resolutions. But this time the USA and allies decided to launch the invasion with complete neglect to international law . Such total neglect to the Council resolutions, even by its permanent members, caused the situation where UN Council turned into a fake organization, unable to solve global conflicts. Now it is time to return to the case with Israel-Lebanon war, which is more complicated. It should be noted that this war is, virtually, the war of radical Arabs against Israeli country where, unfortunately, peaceful civilians have to suffer. The UN Security Council has passed corresponding resolutions against both enemy parties – Hezbollah organization and Israel. It must be observed that UN Security Council also passed the resolution concerning Hezbollah in 2004 , however, two years passed and it still was not applied either. Failure to fulfill this requirement was a formal ground for Israel to attack the territory of Lebanon. Moreover, the Security Cabinet of Israel â€Å"agreed Israel will not give up its demand for Lebanon to implement U. N. resolution 1559, which calls for the disarmament of Hezbollah and any other militias, and the deployment of the Lebanese army in south Lebanon†. (www. gopusa. com) However, scrutinizing this war in the context of the Arabs’ war against Israel, one should notice, that Israel made it its principle to violate UN resolutions as related to its enemies. It is necessary to mention the resolutions, the ground of which is the principle of â€Å"land for peace† (See resolutions 242 (1967), 338 (1973), 1397 (2002) and 1515(2003) at Global Policy Forum, July 13 2006). Also it must be noted that Hezbollah movement is supported by Syria and Iran. Syria regards Israel as enemy country due to the Israel’s occupation of Golan Heights, territory of Syria. The cessation of occupation of these territories, according to the â€Å"land for peace† resolution, would stop Syria’s support of Hezbollah. Important in that confrontation is the position of the USA. One should mention Council resolution, vetoed by US, which was forwarded by Qatar as of July 13 2006. Some excerpts from this resolution are relevant here: â€Å"The Security Council, Reaffirming all its relevant resolutions, in particular, 242 (1967), 338 (1973), 1397 (2002) and 1515(2003),†¦ Condemning military assault being carried out by Israel, the occupying Power, in the Gaza Strip, which has caused the killing and injury of dozens of Palestinian civilians, and the destruction of Palestinian property and civilian infrastructure, notably Gaza’s main power station, and condemning also the detention of democratically elected Palestinian and other officials, Condemning also the firing of rockets from Gaza into. Israel and the abduction of an Israeli soldier by Palestinian armed groups from Gaza, and the recent abduction and killing of an Israeli civilian in the West Bank, †¦ Calls for the immediate and unconditional release of the abducted Israeli soldier;†¦ Calls upon the Palestinian Authority to take immediate and sustained action to bring an end to violence, including the firing of rockets on Israeli territory;†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Global Policy Forum, July 13 2006) What exactly in this resolution was unacceptable for Bush’s administration that induced it to veto the given resolution? Was not it the fact that the resolution one more time reminded of systematic UN Council resolutions violation by Israel? Was not it a demonstration of double standards? The idea on this issue is clearly expressed in the article The Economist â€Å"Israel ignores the United Nations and has weapons of mass destruction. So why all the fuss about Iraq? Soon after invading Kuwait in 1990, Saddam Hussein realized that he had made a mistake. [†¦] But as the world debates the merits of another American-led war against Mr. Hussein, the idea has returned in a new form. Israel has violated countless UN resolutions and amassed weapons of mass destruction, say those who oppose this war. Why then is Iraq singled out for yet more punishment while the Israelis get off scot-free? † (www. economist. com, 2002). These question remains without answer. The analogy can be drawn between the case with Hezbollah and Israel and the behavior of a host as regards a thief. If a thief (Hezbollah) breaks into someone’s house (Israel) so what shall a host do? He should call police! (in case with Israel appeal to the UN Security Council). And what does the host do? He starts striking with his axe destroying everything on his way, including innocent neighbours. But as it turns out the host is himself on the wanted list for countless crimes (resolutions violation). What is then in this situation a host, victim or criminal? And who is to be protected by police (by the USA)? Exactly such inconsistency between the crime and punishment, elevation of one party and humiliation of another, provokes the Muslim world to hate the U. S. policy. Israel’s actions are treated by Arab countries as a challenge to the whole Muslim world. The USA and its citizens began to be looked at as Israel’s supporters who can disregard and manipulate international law leaning on their military and economic might. For a common American citizen this is a terrible situation. In any place of the world he or she becomes an object of hatred. US government’s attempt to protect its people in military manner (in Iraq) and ignoring Israel’s aggression created the situation when neither in Europe nor even at home the Americans can feel safe (9/11 events). In other words, military methods, unapproved by world community, in fact, helped to solve Iraq or Hezbollah problems but immediately generated many other problems. But will Israel attain its aim (peace and remove the threat) when civilians die? Most probably it will not, while killed Hezbollah militants will be replaced by others those, who formerly were peaceful civilians but began to hate Israel because of bombings and there will be the same old story again. The way out from this predicament is to defend not only the interests of own nation and citizens but stand upon the values common to all mankind. Thus Israel defends its citizens by bombing Lebanon but it does not care for dying civilians what leads to conflict escalation . Like Israel, other countries are not governed by human values too. Thus BBC reporting on the evacuation of civilians from Lebanon states: â€Å"A British warship has dropped off 180 UK citizens in Cyprus, and is returning to Beirut to pick up more people, A Norwegian ferry has taken hundreds of Norwegians, Swedes and Americans to Cyprus, while a US-chartered ship has left Beirut with US citizens† (BBC News). The immediate question arises: should not they take first women and children from the territory of conflict? Only when American community realizes that human values are more important than any other, national, religious, ethnic or racial interests, and politicians adhere to this principle, only then the attitude of the world towards the USA and its citizens will change. Another aspect, that American community is confronted with, is constantly increasing military expenses. One can extirpate radicalism and extremism by military means but there is also a chance first to find reasons that induce extremism and then try to eliminate these reasons. Thus Ahmad S. Mousalli in the article Islamist Perspectives of Regime Political Response: The Cases of Lebanon and Palestine claims that â€Å"†¦Israel, Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and Palestine †¦ are plagued, in one way or another, with poverty, inflation, underemployment, and exploitation. Many Palestinians or Egyptians, for instance, may turn to Islamism because of the corruption of their political elites, exploitation of the nouveau riche, nepotism, favoritism and the like. † (1996, 53) In this view the part of expenses, spent on army, could have been directed to support and reorganize economy of the Middle East countries. One more thing that deserves American community’s attention is that while possessing the veto power in UN Security Council, the US government abuses its power. To prove it there is a table below which shows the frequency of the use of the veto in the Security Council by different countries during the last decade. Period China* France Britain US Russia Total 2006 1 1 2005. 2004 2 1 3 2003 2 2 2002 2 2 2001 2 2 2000 0 1999 1 1 1998 0 1997 1 2 3 1996 0 Table is taken from Global Policy Forum â€Å"Changing Patterns in the Use of the Veto in the Security Council† Retrieved from http://globalpolicy. igc. org/security/data/vetotab. htm The USA has a strong leading position in this table. This table is the confirmation of the following statement: â€Å"Many member states have expressed their criticism of the veto, arguing that the veto privilege is an anachronism responsible for much of the Security Councils undemocratic and ineffective procedures. Not surprisingly, those enjoying the power of the veto dont want to give it up. † (Global Policy Forum â€Å"The Power of the Veto†) So, the countries with veto power in Security Council should abandon it. Conclusion The situation around Israel and Lebanon is not an exceptional one; it reflects the general tension in the world. This war only confirms that the world policy desperately needs revision. It is necessary to establish new world order and the USA has to head this process. International relations must be established upon the principles different from those existing today, in particular, economically powerful country while taking any actions is obliged to take into account the interests of less developed countries. To settle conflicts it is necessary to resume the authority of United Nations and entitle it to make decisions as regards resorting to force in conflict settlement. The resolutions carried by this organization must be mandatory to all countries. This conclusion can be best supported by words uttered by the ex-president of the USA immediately after the cold war: â€Å"a new era-freer from the threat of terror, stronger in the pursuit of justice, and more secure in the quest for peace. An era in which the nations of the world, East and West, North and South, can prosper and live in harmony a world where the rule of law supplants the rule of the jungle where the strong respect the rights of the weak. † (Miller, Yetiv 2001, 56) Unfortunately, in 15 year period following that speech news line on BBC says: â€Å"The USA is going to accelerate military supplies of high-precision missiles to Israel†. (BBC News) This is exactly the way George Bush junior and Israel decided to realize Bush senior’s dream of the harmony in the world. Works Cited BBC News Dozens die in fresh Lebanon raids BBC News 19 July 2006. 22 July 2006 http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/middle_east/5193662. stm. Crahan, Margaret E. , Goering John, and Weiss Thomas G. Wars on Terrorism and Iraq: Human Rights, Unilateralism, and U. S. Foreign Policy. New York: Routledge, 2004. Global Policy Forum Draft Resolution Proposed by Qatar, Vetoed By US.. July 13, 2006 http://globalpolicy. igc. org/security/issues/israel-palestine/un/2006/0714draft. htm Global Policy Forum The Power of the Veto. July 2006 http://globalpolicy. igc. org/security/membship/veto. htm Global Policy Forum Changing Patterns in the Use of the Veto in the Security Council July 2006 http://globalpolicy. igc. org/security/data/vetotab. htm Hezbollah battle along border. United Press International. Gopusa; Israel. 19 July 2006 http://www. gopusa. com/news/2006/july/0719_israel_hezbollah. shtml. Kirkwood-Tucker, Toni Fuss. â€Å"Germanys Opposition to the Iraq War and Its Effect on U. S. -German Relations. † Social Education. 68. 4 (2004): 285+. Labott, Elise U. S. diplomatic options limited in Israel-Lebanon conflict. CNN. com Jul 15, 2006. 22 July 2006 http://www. cnn. com/2006/WORLD/meast/07/15/btsc. labott. diplomacy Miller, Eric A. , and Yetiv Steve A. â€Å"The New World Order in Theory and Practice: The Bush Administrations Worldview in Transition. † Presidential Studies Quarterly 31. 1 (2001): 56. Mousalli, Ahmad S. â€Å"Islamist Perspectives of Regime Political Response: The Cases of Lebanon and Palestine. † Arab Studies Quarterly 18. 3 (1996): 53+. Press Release SC/8181. Security Council. 09 Feb. 2004 http://www. un. org/News/Press/docs/2004/sc8181. doc. htm. 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 22 July 2006 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/2006_Israel-Lebanon_conflict

Business Plan for a java Culture coffee shop

Business Plan for a java Culture coffee shop Coffee Shop: Business Plan Executive Summary The coffee bar based on the java culture is resolute to develop into an essential and daily requirement of the local coffee lovers. It will be a place where one can escape from his daily stressful life schedules and find comfort, friends as well as books, all at a single space. The business plan of java culture coffee bar is purely based on introducing coffee shop for the clients with free cafà © and above all that they will provide free books to their customers so that they can enjoy and relax themselves. The basic idea behind this coffee bar is to serve the best coffee of that area where the coffee will be admired with the pastries. The company is planning to start this project on a 1000 square foot land which will be best suited for a coffee shop situated in the central Noida. The company believes in the welfare of the society and accomplishes it by supporting charity and income of the people belonging to rural areas by adopting fair trade. The company has also planned to support those farmers by using their coffee in the coffee bar who cultivates the coffee by adopting sustainable manufacture, fair trade and organic products. (Bplans) Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Company Description 3. Market Analysis 4. Organization and Management 5. Service or Product Line 6. Marketing and Sales 7. Funding Request 8. Financial Projection 9. References Introduction Purpose: For the operations of the initial year, the main objectives of the Java culture coffee shop are discussed below: The main purpose of our coffee shop is to gave social and friendly environment to the people. By helping our customer by giving convenient location, good customer service and best quality of coffee for drink. Key to success: The company’s keys to success are discussed below: Our store will offer great quality customer service and a serene environment. A relaxing, upscale interior design. Employee training in order to be at pace with competitive scenario. Gave special discount offer to our regular customer Company Description Java Culture is launching its first business plan in India. It will offer new style of coffee shop in Noida where localities, teenagers and other people feel relaxation in that environment. Variety: No other coffee bars located in that particular location will able to meet up the quality, taste and range of tea, smoothies, coffee drinks, juice, cocoa and other products that Java culture does. Location: Java culture will be located in the main section of Central Noida in the centre of the entertainment and shopping hub of Noida (sector -18). Expansion: This coffee bar is expected to be the first of a chain of the Java culture coffeehouses located in markets that have significant traffic by the store, and main attraction point for the youth. Java culture concept: At one time CONTESSA was the acknowledged quality automobile in India. After that Mercedes-Benz was introduced and then Audi, with its superb product and service approach. Java will be the first Audi of the coffeehouse chain industry, offering a higher quality product andbetter quality service in an exceptional environment. Market Analysis Java culture launches a different coffee shop in growing market segment. Market Segmentation: Javas customer base in Noida is comprised of four target groups. These groups are: Students and Faculty Teenagers Office workers Others Target Market Segment Strategy: Java Culture will provide the relaxing atmosphere for those who generally drink coffee. Our most of the clients will be college students and couples where they can meet and also read books and pass their time without paying any extra amount. Organization and Management Organization: the design of the organizational entity, its structure, vision and mission, and decision making organs. Management: the processes/procedures and systems of the organization that ensure that the organization efficiently uses its available resources to achieve its aims and objectives. Management Team: A full-time manager is appointed to supervise the day round activities. The responsibilities of manager is to administer the staff, developing a marketing strategy, handling the suppliers, fulfilling various other every day managerial duties and organizing inventory. We believe that we have chosen the best suited person for the job. The five key elements necessary for the sustainability of our organization are as follows: Service or Product Line Java Culture will offer the best coffee and maintain high quality which will further attract the customers. It also offers pastries, snacks and sandwiches. The lists will be available in a clearly drafted menu card. Product Description: The organization highly specialized not only in beverages like coffee, tea and juice etc. but also in eatables such as chocolates and snacks. We are not bounding ourselves to specific product but strive to provide customers with many options as wide range of variety under one roof. Services: We provide door step delivery services to the customers. We offer special discounts on any day of the week. We also offer combo deals. We have provided Wi-Fi connectivity. We provide gifts to our regular customer on festive seasons. Marketing and Sales The Organization is focusing on Customer oriented marketing strategy as how to attract new customers and encouraging the existing clients to demand for more. Competitive Edge: Our competitive edge,compared tothe other coffeehouses in Noida includes the following: Asignificantly higher quality, better tasting coffee product. Ourcurrent location can arguably be considered the best in the market. We have various drinks which can be served as a substitute for people who dont drink coffee. These alternatives are tea, shakes, juice and squashes. Our Internet website will include online ordering also. Sales Strategy: Our sales strategy includes: Recruiting dynamic sales force that can know and satisfy customer needs. There are various practices that need to be carried out to offer best of quality. Always indulge in a) reduce customer waiting time, and b) create efficient product ordering Sell coffee, gift baskets on our website Establish coffee service at local businesses Adopting various marketing strategy like discount to key groups, selling cards etc Create an online feedback program Sales Forecast: We are assuming that in first year, our per day customer will be 150 and within a year it will increase by approximately double of the first year. Marketing strategy: Our strategy will be to offer a high quality product andsuperb servicein a superior environment. Launch Marketing: Launch marketing leads to awareness amongst masses, various techniques establish organization’s brand images are as follows: Emails Local Electronic Media Local Print Media Packaging Superior location Funding Request As our sole proprietorship business is on its initial stage and it’s a small scale business, so I will utilize my fix deposits and savings for the business. And can borrow from friends and relatives. For further expansion I will utilize the profits in the long run. Financial Projection The Company is placing itself in market as setback to the risk which is primarily due to liquidity. The company maintains the liquidity as the debt to be cleared at the month end and no credit sale. The Company’s investment structure enables the company to maintain good liquidity. Projected Cash Flow: As the chart of java culture America projects, organization will enjoy good cash flow, this leads to meets debt on as and when basis and not only that, but it will be in a better position to meet future uncertainties. (Source: Java Culture America Cited from BPlans) References Bplans. As retrieved on February 4, 2014, available at, http://www.bplans.com/about_us/ Kotler, P. and Keller, K. L. (2006), â€Å"Marketing Management† (12th ed). Prentice Hall Publications. National resource guide, (2013), (English), As retrieved on February 4, 2014, available at, http://www.sba.gov/about-sba/what_we_do/resource_guides 1

Chaucers The Canterbury Tales Essay -- Chaucer Canterbury Tales Essay

Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales In The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer comments on moral corruption within the Roman Catholic Church. He criticizes many high-ranking members of the Church and describes a lack of morality in medieval society; yet in the â€Å"Retraction,† Chaucer recants much of his work and pledges to be true to Christianity. Seemingly opposite views exist within the â€Å"Retraction† and The Canterbury Tales. However, this contradiction does not weaken Chaucer’s social commentary. Rather, the â€Å"Retraction† emphasizes Chaucer’s criticism of the Church and society in The Canterbury Tales by reinforcing the risk inherent in doing so. In The Canterbury Tales Chaucer portrays the Roman Catholic Church as an institution in which corruption runs rampant. Chaucer attacks almost all of the pilgrims who are officials of the Church. For example, in â€Å"The General Prologue,† the Prioress is â€Å"so charitable and so pitous† that she feeds her lapdogs â€Å"With rosted flessh, or milk and wastelbreed† (143, 147). However, considering the impoverished condition of many people during the Middle Ages, would it not be more charitable for the Prioress to give meat, milk and bread to the poor, instead of to her dogs? Furthermore, the Friar breaks the Franciscan vows of poverty, chastity and service. Instead of helping lepers and beggars, the Friar â€Å"knew [knows] the tavernes wel in every town, / And every hostiler and tappestere† (GP 241-2). The Friar is also wealthy from the profits of bribed confessions; he dresses not like a poor Franciscan should, but â€Å"lik a maister or a pope† (GP 263). The Pardoner also admits and even boasts about his own hypocritical morals. He explains that the relics he sells are fake, along with the absolutions he gi... ... the presence of corruption within the Church; the personal interests of the Wife of Bath, the Franklin, and even the Sergeant at Law reflect the effects of the Church in society. The stark contrast between the devout tone of the â€Å"Retraction† and the critical tone of The Canterbury Tales highlight Chaucer’s commentary on the corruption of the Church. The â€Å"Retraction† reminds the reader of the severe consequences of opposing the Church during the Middle Ages. Chaucer’s profession of faith, which appears so out of context in comparison to many aspects of The Canterbury Tales, actually reinforces the theme of corruption within the Roman Catholic Church and within society. Separately, the â€Å"Retraction† and The Canterbury Tales give contrasting views of medieval life; together, they create a unified account of individual immorality caused by corruption of the Church. Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales Essay -- Chaucer Canterbury Tales Essay Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales In The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer comments on moral corruption within the Roman Catholic Church. He criticizes many high-ranking members of the Church and describes a lack of morality in medieval society; yet in the â€Å"Retraction,† Chaucer recants much of his work and pledges to be true to Christianity. Seemingly opposite views exist within the â€Å"Retraction† and The Canterbury Tales. However, this contradiction does not weaken Chaucer’s social commentary. Rather, the â€Å"Retraction† emphasizes Chaucer’s criticism of the Church and society in The Canterbury Tales by reinforcing the risk inherent in doing so. In The Canterbury Tales Chaucer portrays the Roman Catholic Church as an institution in which corruption runs rampant. Chaucer attacks almost all of the pilgrims who are officials of the Church. For example, in â€Å"The General Prologue,† the Prioress is â€Å"so charitable and so pitous† that she feeds her lapdogs â€Å"With rosted flessh, or milk and wastelbreed† (143, 147). However, considering the impoverished condition of many people during the Middle Ages, would it not be more charitable for the Prioress to give meat, milk and bread to the poor, instead of to her dogs? Furthermore, the Friar breaks the Franciscan vows of poverty, chastity and service. Instead of helping lepers and beggars, the Friar â€Å"knew [knows] the tavernes wel in every town, / And every hostiler and tappestere† (GP 241-2). The Friar is also wealthy from the profits of bribed confessions; he dresses not like a poor Franciscan should, but â€Å"lik a maister or a pope† (GP 263). The Pardoner also admits and even boasts about his own hypocritical morals. He explains that the relics he sells are fake, along with the absolutions he gi... ... the presence of corruption within the Church; the personal interests of the Wife of Bath, the Franklin, and even the Sergeant at Law reflect the effects of the Church in society. The stark contrast between the devout tone of the â€Å"Retraction† and the critical tone of The Canterbury Tales highlight Chaucer’s commentary on the corruption of the Church. The â€Å"Retraction† reminds the reader of the severe consequences of opposing the Church during the Middle Ages. Chaucer’s profession of faith, which appears so out of context in comparison to many aspects of The Canterbury Tales, actually reinforces the theme of corruption within the Roman Catholic Church and within society. Separately, the â€Å"Retraction† and The Canterbury Tales give contrasting views of medieval life; together, they create a unified account of individual immorality caused by corruption of the Church.

American Drug Laws- Do They He :: essays research papers fc

American Drug Laws: Do They Help or Hurt? I believe the drug laws are in serious need of reform. We tend to forget that alcohol is a drug and that at one time it was prohibited without success. Also, I believe that a civil body of government rather than a criminal one should regulate drug use. It is a social problem, not a criminal one. As a largely victimless crime they should not have their civil rights taken away just because they like to take drugs which we have arbitrarily made illegal. Drugs are very expensive because they are illegal. Their procurement and use fuel crime and violence, which could be largely eliminated if organized crime did not have a monopoly and the free enterprise system could control the market. Potency regulated by licensed drug companies would prevent unusually pure substances from causing accidental overdose. There is an epidemic of unnecessary deaths from this cause. This problem is exacerbated by the fear users and bystanders have of seeking a highly effective antidote for drug poisoning that is universally available at hospitals. The U.S. drug laws violate our right to privacy, cost millions in tax revenue, overloads the criminal justice system, and are ineffective as a deterrent to drug use and trafficking. Laws that govern drug use are patently arbitrary and have their bases in racial prejudice and the comfort index of old male legislators. The first opium regulatory laws were enacted in San Francisco in response to Asian immigrants entertaining married white women in opium dens (Hamowy). The American and European tolerance for tobacco and alcohol use while fearing "counter-culture" marijuana, cocaine, and heroin is a strong prejudice based on ignorance of the comparative human misery caused by the inevitable misuse of mind-altering substances. Alcohol and tobacco cause more illness and death each year than all the illicit drugs combined. Legislative attempts to curb alcohol and tobacco use by children makes some of these very vulnerable people desire their use, but the age-restrictive and the accompanying time-of-purchase limits on widely abused drugs are the best that society has devised. Our knowledge of education techniques to encourage abstinence or moderate use of drugs is extremely inadequate. Laws for prevention of illegal drug use are wildly unsuccessful and have resulted in making drug-related criminals the majority of incarcerated offenders in U.S. prisons. The result of illegalizing use, and not necessarily abuse at all, is a 100% increase in drug criminals in the last ten years (Hamowy) for use of substances which have no more, and probably less, intrinsic potential for abuse.

Foodborne Illnesses :: essays research papers

Foodborne Illness   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is Foodborne Illness? According to a medical dictionary, foodborne illness is an acute gastrointestinal infection caused by consuming food contaminated with pathogenic, bacteria, toxins, viruses, prions or parasites. Such contamination was caused by improper food handling, preparation or storage of food. Contacts between food and pests, especially flies, cockroaches and rodents are a further cause of contamination of food. Foodborne illness can also be caused by adding pesticides or medicine to food or consuming or by accidentally consuming naturally poisonous substances. That is why foodborne illness can also be called food poisoning.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Health Canada estimates that about two million Canadian suffers foodborne illness per year and CDC (Center for Disease Control) estimates approximately 76 million foodborne illness cases occur in the United States per year. However, many foodborne illness cases are unreported. Some of the most common bacteria and viruses that cause foodborne illness are Salmonella, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Hepatitis. In the following report, you will read some of the major foodborne illness outbreaks in Canada and United States.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to Health Canada, the number of Canadians who has foodborne illness is estimated to be approximately two million per year. As mentioned in the introduction, many foodborne illness cases are not reported. In Canada, it is estimated that for every one case of foodborne illness that is reported, there are 350 cases that are not reported. The ones that are reported are usually major problems. Canada had some major outbreak of foodborne illness through these many years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One major outbreak was on March and April 1998. The major outbreak was Salmonella Enteritidis associated with the contamination of cheese in a commercial product. This happened in Newfoundland. Nearly 700 cases were reported, most of which were children that got the illness. It was found that the source of the outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis was the cheese in a prepackaged processed lunch packs. The cheese was contaminated when it was being packaged into the lunch packs. It was never found how the cheese got contaminated, but they discover that the cheese was contaminated before it arrived to the place where the products were processed and packaged. They suspect that something must have happen in Parmalat ¡Ã‚ ¦s plant, the company that provides the cheeses for the lunch pack, because it was only the cheese that got contaminated. However, they will not release any information, so the real explanation of how the cheese got contaminated will never be known.

Housing Discrimination

Allyson Jones Housing and Society Due: October 11, 2012 Dr. Joyner Housing, Neighborhoods and Health Disparities Corina Graif, PhD, RWJF Health & Society Scholar at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Many aspects of internal housing conditions are known to affect health. Limited but important evidence also exists on the health implications of the socio-spatial context of housing.For instance, fear of crime, crowding, neighborhood disadvantage, social exclusion, and residents’ social exchange are linked to cardiovascular and mental health, obesity, diabetes and low birth weight. In my dissertation work and related projects, I ask questions about the spatial context of neighborhood effects to investigate how the urban geography of inequality and cumulative spatial disadvantage shape the health and well-being of the inner-city poor.Several important questions about the neighborhood and spatial context aspect of housing remain critical to ask in our quest to understand and act on the constellation of factors shaping health outcomes: a) How do different spatially salient markers (such as nearby presence of crime hotspots; community health centers; daycare) interact with the neighborhood context in shaping health outcomes, employment, and health care. f) To what extent moving low income families to high quality neighborhoods increases or decreases their access to health related resources and critical social networks and jobs?Read more about Moving to Opportunity and how neighborhoods impact residents’ health. http://www. rwjf. org/en/blogs/human-capital-blog/2012/01/housing-neighborhoods-and-health-disparities. html RACIAL DISPARITY STILL HAUNTS HOUSING MARKET July 3, 2003 By Anders Hoerlyck IN THEORY, the American housing market is free and open. The report found that high-interest loans, many of which are illegal, are three times more likely in low- income neighborhoods than in high-income areas, and five times more likely in black neighborhoo ds than in white neighborhoods.HUD further noted that homeowners in high-income black neighborhoods are six times as likely as homeowners in upper-income white neighborhoods, and twice as likely as homeowners in low-income white neighborhoods, to have high- interest loans. Another study found that black homeowners receive less value for their homes than white homeowners. The study, which compared home values to homeowner incomes for owners of different ethnic and racial groups in the nation's 100 largest cities in 1990, found that, equalizing for income, black homeowners received 18 percent less value for their homes than white homeowners; white homeowners owned $2. 4 worth of house for every dollar of income, while black homeowners owned only $2. 16 worth of house. The study further revealed that the 18 percent gap imposed on black homeowners – the so-called segregation tax – primarily results from a high degree of racial segregation in neighborhoods. Working poor fac e shortage of affordable housing November 10, 1996 Consider Sam Brown of San Francisco, who pays more than two thirds of his monthly income to keep his family in housing.Housing officials estimate more than five million families are in dire straits when it comes to paying for a place to live. The affordable housing shortage has worsened as officials have torn down high rise tenements, characterizing them as warehouses for the poor. Some housing assistance programs have helped to ease the stress. http://articles. cnn. com/1996-11-10/us/9611_10_welfare. housing_1_affordable-housing-housing-assistance-programs-housing-officials-estimate? _s=PM:US Middle-income families facing housing shortageToday in America more than 3 million moderate income families have a critical housing need despite working the equivalent of a full-time job,† said Michael Stegman, one of the authors of the study, â€Å"Housing America's Working Families. â€Å"†The report was commissioned by the Cen ter for Housing Policy, a subsidiary of the National Housing Conference, which is a consortium of some 700 home builders and home lenders from across the country. http://articles. cnn. com/2000-06-02/us/housing. shortage_1_center-for-housing-policy-critical-housing-national-housing-conference? s=PM:US Housing at Risk AFFORDABLE HOUSING FINANCE †¢ June 2012 What you need to know about three key changes that could have a big impact on the preservation of existing affordable housing BY DONNA KIMURA AND CHRISTINE SERLIN Three key changes are poised to make a big impact on the preservation of existing affordable housing developments. These new moves two new programs and one policy change arrive at time when the affordable housing stock is shrinking. This amounts to nearly 60 percent of units with federal project-based rental assistance.Approximately 50,000 units are assisted under these programs, including about 25,000 units under the Mod Rehab program. Under the legislation, a demo nstration program has been created that allows certain public housing and Sec. 8 Moderate Rehab properties to voluntarily convert to a long-term Sec. 8 rental assistance as a means of preserving these units. They could convert to either a project-based rental assistance contract administered by HUD and be eligible for renewal under the Multifamily Assisted Housing Reform and Affordability Act or a project-based contract with a local public housing authority.As many as 60,000 units of public housing and Sec. 8 Mod Rehab housing may be converted under a competitive selection process. FHA PILOT PROGRAM Centerline Capital Group provided about $2 million in low-income housing tax credit equity. The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) has recently launched a pilot program that aims to speed up the processing time for FHA-backed deals that use low income housing tax credits (LIHTCs). NONPROFIT SALES PROCEEDS During the 1960s and 1970s, HUD worked with nonprofits to finance thousands of pr operties under its mortgage insurance programs, including Sec. 21(d)(3), Sec. 231, and Sec. 236 of the National Housing Act. HUD reports that nonprofits own 39 percent of all Sec. 236 and 221(d) (3) properties with maturing mortgages. More than 700 of these properties have mortgages that will mature within the next 10 years, representing roughly 80,000 affordable housing units, including 42,000 with project-based rental assistance. Historically, there have been restrictions on nonprofit owners receiving proceeds from the sale of FHA-insured properties. ttp://www. housingfinance. com/ahf/articles/2012/june/0612-special-focus-Housing-At-Risk. htm Growth through Low Income Housing Published on: Wednesday, October 31, 2007 Written by: Trista Winnie Low income housing makes housing more accessible for many families There is a common misconception that low income housing today is of the same quality as the low income housing projects of the past. This misconception is a hurdle that low in come housing developers and advocates have to work hard to overcome.Often, community members try to prevent low income housing from coming to their area, assuming that the stereotype that low income housing equals low quality housing is true. Low income residents have their own fears about property values. When planning a low income housing development within a community, â€Å"all kinds of fears come out,† Greer said. Mixed use projects, incorporating low income housing and retail, are gaining popularity Another way in which developers are gaining acceptance is through production of mixed income developments, rather than strictly low income developments. Affordable housing is a problem for every community because the cost of housing and the sale prices of houses are going up faster than incomes. † Low income housing developments that seek to be eligible for tax credits are required to be set aside as low income housing for a minimum of 30 years, according to the Danter Company. Financing is also available for other types of low income housing through programs such as tax credit allocations, partnerships, low interest loans, grants and donations. For more on the Hope VI program and other sources of low income housing financing, see our article on Financing Low Income Housing Projects. ) The rehabbing of rundown low income housing projects is just one avenue through which developers can be involved in low income housing, but it should serve as an overall notice for all investors that the low income housing industry is not a glamorous one. Communities and sources of funding both favor those who are experienced in low income housing. Competition for low-income housing funds is fierce. http://www. uwireinvestor. com/articles/low-income-housing-51313. aspx Housing discrimination â€Å"widespread† among disabled, immigrants, minorities, others May 07, 2012|Yvonne Wenger A survey of 549 community-based organizations suggests that housing discrimin ation is on the rise, particularly targeting disabled individuals, immigrants, minorities and families with children, according to the nonprofit Consumer Action. â€Å"Housing discrimination is all too alive and well in the United States today,† Ken McEldowney, executive director, Consumer Action, said in a statement.Forty-eight percent of surveyed organizations called housing discrimination very serious. Forty percent said housing discrimination has gone up in the last two years; 11 percent said discrimination has gone down. http://articles. baltimoresun. com/2012-05-07/business/bal-housing-discrimination-widespread-among-disabled-immigrants-minorities-others-20120504_1_housing-discrimination-minorities-and-families-baltimore-neighborhoods Report | September 2007 New Housing, Income Inequality, and Distressed Metropolitan AreasBetween 1970 and 2000, both distressed and non-distressed metropolitan areas with rapidly growing income inequality experienced rapidly growing reside ntial segregation by income. In distressed metropolitan areas between 1970 and 2000, rising income segregation was associated with excess housing construction. In non-distressed metropolitan areas, there was no relationship between income segregation and excess housing construction. Rising income inequality and neighborhood income segregation accounted for 16 to 50 percent of new construction in distressed metropolitan areas between 1970 and 2000.Policies that reduce income inequality can help reduce overbuilding and income segregation in distressed areas. http://www. brookings. edu/research/reports/2007/09/newhousing-watson The Links between Income Inequality, Housing Markets and Homelessness in California The housing market rapidly rising rents, the declining number of low-income rental units in the housing stock, and deceleration in federal housing programs. Homelessness in California John Quigley, Steven that growing income inequality working through homelessness.Income inequali ty has grown substantially Distribution of Income in California (1996). Of California’s income distribution suggests that there income distribution. Better-quality housing, enter the lower-quality market, and the resulting higher rents suggest very low incomes can no longer afford housing and are forced that affect homelessness associated with greater homelessness. The links between income inequality and homelessness, income in a number of locations higher and incomes move lower), the greater the incidence of homelessness response to changes in income distribution.Decrease the average income of households in the lowest fifth increases in the homeless population. Policy Interventions which policy interventions in the housing market can lower homelessness rates one trend in federal programs built housing rates on lower-quality housing to encourage landlords to of income (currently 30 percent) in units available on the study uses simulation models to explore how homelessness und er Section 8) to all low-income households, targeted â€Å"barely-standard† housing, and a general maintenance subsidy the landlord programs maintenance program.The demand for and price of the lowest-quality housing, forcing out the lowest-income renters responses identified above would go to low-income households to make low-quality housing more affordable and thereby, Section 8 program and by compensating local governments very low end of the housing stock. www. ppic. org/main/publication. asp? i=211 Claudio Frischtak Benjamin R. Mandel Crime, House Prices, and Inequality: The Effect of UPPs in Rio January 2012 Residential property prices are an important gauge of economic conditions writ large.Property’s location determinants of house prices can alter the level and dispersion of household wealth connection between crime and house prices. Document the relationship between crime and house prices. Distributional consequences of removing the public bad of crime; that is , the removal of crime the degree of overall inequality among property values. Crime rate a dynamic model of property valuation. Our empirical work will show that decreasing crime does, in fact, benefit lower valued properties disproportionately, reducing the inequality among properties.House prices for the city of Rio de Janeiro since 2008. Both homicides and robberies coefficient measures the level of inequality of house prices across Rio’s neighborhoods. It objective of crime reduction residential property prices in Rio’s formal housing market, as well as on homicide and robbery rates in each of Rio’s neighborhoods, we formally test the hypotheses that Neighborhoods closer to a UPP station experienced larger than average decreases in crime and larger than average increases in house prices after the UPP was put into place.Prices increased by an average of 5-10 percent, homicides decreased by an average of 10-25 results to construct counterfactual price and cri me rates and, with those, city-wide statistics. We note that since we do not observe house prices skyrocketing residential property prices in the formal housing markets surrounding the favelas. Having established that the UPPs influenced crime and house prices in opposite directions house prices. Returns to crime reduction; this implies that properties with either high initial crime rates or current property values.This treatment of the dynamic transmission of crime rates into house prices is quite duration of crime rates in the past; lower initial crime rates with low historical duration gives rise to the biggest increases in price when the crime rate declines. Implementation of the UPP policy counterfactual house prices described above shows that the disparity in house prices across Dispersion in property prices within those neighborhoods narrowed, suggesting that even change in the crime rate.Works identifying the impact of crime and violence on property prices, with the paper by exploit both spatial and temporal variation in crime data to identify the effect on house prices, persistence of historical crime rates. The present study uses more disaggregate price data, at on the implications of crime for the dispersion of house prices. First draw connection between crime reduction and wealth inequality. Our empirical measurement of the crime elasticity of house prices is connected to a crime rate as exogenous, which ay have biased the elasticity estimates if, for example, crime occurs disproportionately in poorer neighborhoods with low property values or, conversely, if criminals target areas with higher-priced homes. (2009) found 12 instances in of a set of 18 empirical studies relating house prices and crime variation around an exogenous policy experiment, the UPPs in Rio to historical crime rates or the levels of property prices is a reasonable instrument for the effect of crime on house prices. www. newyorkfed. org/research/staff_reports/sr542.Housing and inequalities in health Professor Hoyden-Chapman The existence of debilitating inequalities in health across social groups has become the first law of public health. People privileged by more education, income, the dominant ethnicity, higher status jobs, and housing standards, have better health than those with less education and income, minority ethnicity, lower status jobs, and poorer housing. Focusing on housing and neighborhood improvements have historically been key policy instruments to improve population health.Housing tenure has been associated with health in a number of studies—those who rent their houses appear to have poorer health than those who own their houses even after controlling for age, gender, and education. 5Housing for most households is their largest monthly expenditure and housing costs in the survey were related to health. The psychosocial aspects of housing such as pride in a house and neighborhood showed an association with health status only before controlling for other variables.Several multilevel studies have shown that some neighborhoods are indeed bad for people's health. 6Surveys to explore new associations and intervention studies to test causal links between housing and health are important. The social and economic aspects of housing, and the lack of it, continue to play an important part in generating inequalities in health. http://jech. bmj. com/content/56/9/645. full Green Building Saves $$$ Developers open their books to show low operating costs at green properties BY BENDIX ANDERSONAFFORDABLE HOUSING FINANCE †¢ April 2008 Thanks to these energy savings, the reserve accounts of the 600 green affordable apartments in the portfolio of Homestead Capital are an average 36 percent larger than the rest of Homestead's affordable portfolio. The apartments were built to a variety of green standards. Early operating data from the green portfolio of Enterprise Community Partners, Inc. , shows energy savings of up to 40 pe rcent, compared to properties built to the standards of local building codes.Of course, the biggest energy savings are at projects built to the toughest green standards. Denny Park also meets the demanding standards set by Enterprise for its Green Communities investments. It cost Denny Park's owners, the Seattle-based Low Income Housing Institute (LIHI), a total of $1,000 per apartment in utility expenses to operate Denny Park in 2007, from electricity to hot water to trash pickup. That's as much as $200 per apartment lower than the utility costs at LIHI's other affordable properties.Conserving water green developers and investors also report steep savings on their water bills, which are 35 percent to 40 percent less on average than water costs at comparable properties, according to information from the portfolio of green properties in Enterprise's Green Communities Initiative. Denny Park racked up savings, with water and sewer costs of $188 per resident, compared to $235 and $322 p er resident at LIHI's comparable properties. Saving water also helps keep the hot water heating costs down.Denny Park's hot water bill was just $133 per apartment in 2007, roughly a quarter less than at LIHI's comparable properties. It cost $102 per apartment to haul trash away from Denny Park in 2007. Green projects have low turnover Tenants are also less likely to move out of green affordable housing properties, according to developers. Many residents appreciate the improved air quality at green building projects, said Oberdorfer. http://www. housingfinance. com/ahf/articles/2008/apr/FOCUSGREENBUILDINGSAVES0408. htm Towns get new deadline for affordable housing July 01, 2004Last year, the General Assembly passed the Affordable Housing Planning and Appeal Act, which encourages municipalities with less than 10 percent affordable housing to develop a plan to increase that percentage. http://articles. chicagotribune. com/2004-07-01/news/0407010376_1_municipalities-towns-percentage-poi nts HUD program to target jobs for poor residents November 23, 1993|By Eric Siegel | Eric Siegel, Staff Writer Baltimore will serve as a pilot program for a national effort to channel more federal housing funds toward low-income residents and minority businesses, officials announced yesterday.HUD also promised stricter enforcement of the so-called â€Å"Section 3† requirement, part of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968. â€Å"HUD estimates the federal money could support 300 low-income jobs in the city. City housing officials could not immediately say how much of the federal housing money the city receives goes to fulfilling the Section 3 requirement. Of 85 city residents hired to renovate units at Cherry Hill Homes, 26 were public housing residents, they said. http://articles. baltimoresun. com/1993-11-23/news/1993327087_1_public-housing-residents-federal-housing-housing-and-urban Census: housing disparities continueBy Brandt Williams Minnesota Public Radio Septe mber 17, 2002 For most Americans, the value of their home is their prime source of wealth. During the 1990s, a booming economy and buyer-friendly housing market helped many Minnesotans build thousands of dollars in home equity. They were able to buy at low prices and watch the value of their homes skyrocket. Goetz says home values remain lower in those neighborhoods than in predominantly white areas, where the demand for homes is higher. Census figures show the statewide median home value for African Americans is $106,000, which is slightly higher than for Hispanics.American Indians have the lowest statewide median home value, at $78,000. Asian American home values remain slightly higher than that of whites. In Hennepin County, home of the state's largest concentration of people of color, African American home values are the lowest at $103,000. Goetz says this gap in home values will feed future economic gaps between whites and people of color, because home equity is passed on from generation to generation. In 1990, white home values were 3 percent higher than those of Hispanics and 6 percent higher than for African Americans. ttp://news. minnesota. publicradio. org/features/200209/17_williamsb_censushousing Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May; 113(5): A310–A317 PMCID: PMC1257572 Environews Focus Dwelling Disparities: How Poor Housing Leads to Poor Health For most Americans, the value of their home is their prime source of wealth. During the 1990s, a booming economy and buyer-friendly housing market helped many Minnesotans build thousands of dollars in home equity. They were able to buy at low prices and watch the value of their homes skyrocket.Goetz says home values remain lower in those neighborhoods than in predominantly white areas, where the demand for homes is higher. Census figures show the statewide median home value for African Americans is $106,000, which is slightly higher than for Hispanics. American Indians have the lowest statewide median ho me value, at $78,000. Asian American home values remain slightly higher than that of whites. In Hennepin County, home of the state's largest concentration of people of color, African American home values are the lowest at $103,000.Goetz says this gap in home values will feed future economic gaps between whites and people of color, because home equity is passed on from generation to generation. In 1990, white home values were 3 percent higher than those of Hispanics and 6 percent higher than for African Americans. http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC1257572 Disparities in Risk To a large extent, disparities in health and access to care among minorities reflect disparities in socioeconomic status. The fact that minority populations on average are poorer than whites underlies many health disparities.Health insurance coverage and access to preventive care play a major role in determining health outcomes. Although insurance coverage improves access to health care, minority ch ildren have less access to primary medical care than white children, even after accounting for differences in insurance coverage, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation Report. Inadequate routine and preventive care increases a child’s incidence and burden of disease. Hospitalization for asthma generally is avoidable if the disease is well managed.Poverty, substandard housing, inadequate access to health care, lack of education, and failure to adequately control asthma with medication all contribute to asthma episodes and deaths. Ethnic minorities also experience poorer cancer survival rates than whites. According to the American Cancer Society, cancer mortality rates are 40 percent higher for African-American men than white men. Efforts to eliminate health disparities are underway both nationally and locally. NIEHS and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases have supported several urban asthma studies. Many states also have created offices addressing min ority health.The HHS OMH funds health projects conducted by minority community and national organizations, maintains minority health consultants in HHS Regional Offices, and operates a Resource Center on minority health issues. The National Institutes of Health also has a National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities to coordinate research, training, and outreach programs surrounding health disparities. Due to the strong link between socioeconomic status and health disparities, programs designed to improve the socioeconomic status of minorities also could help to reduce health disparities.Focusing on properties that pose the greatest health risks, which are overwhelmingly older, low-income, and in substandard condition, will yield the greatest improvement in health outcomes and address the striking health disparities borne by low-income and minority families. http://www. afhh. org/ifc/ifc_disparities. htm A growing number allege unfair treatment in housing market| Update d 9/29/2007 | Nearly 40 years after a national law banned housing discrimination, an increasing number of complaints are alleging unfair treatment of minorities, the disabled, families and other groups.The Department of Housing and Urban Development and housing assistance agencies logged 10,328 complaints last year, a 12% jump from 2005. Between 2002 and 2006, seven states and the District of Columbia averaged more than 10 housing discrimination complaints per 100,000 housing units, according to the GNS analysis. The average state rate was 7. 6 complaints per 100,000 units. The 1968 Fair Housing Act, amended in 1988, bans discrimination in the housing market based on disability, race, sex, national origin, religion, skin color or whether a family has children.Reasons for the growing number of discrimination complaints vary, housing officials say. Agency's performance criticized Last year, 36% of the complaints to HUD were settled. Federal officials and fair housing advocates say it' s difficult to know whether housing discrimination is on the rise in a particular area. Private housing groups also get complaints that aren't included in the data. †¢ In almost one third of counties, no housing discrimination complaints were filed with HUD or its contract agencies between 2002 and 2006. †¢ Housing discrimination complaints related to disability are as common as those related to race.Nationally, disability-related cases accounted for 40% of complaints filed with HUD and its contract agencies last year. Race-related complaints accounted for 39%. Housing experts expect disability complaints to climb as the nation's population ages and older Americans better understand their housing rights. Last year, HUD dismissed 40% of complaints, citing lack of evidence. One reason may be that housing discrimination today can be subtler. HUD must investigate discrimination complaints within 100 days. http://usatoday30. usatoday. com/news/nation/2007-09-28-housing-main_N. htm